Harmonic Constants
Tidal Predictions
Tidal variations can be represented by summing a series of harmonic terms of the form:
Hn cos (σnt − gn)
where
Hn is an amplitiude in metres,
gn is a phase lag on the Equilibrium Tide at Greenwich in degrees,
σn is an angular speed and
t is time.
Listed below are the mean value
Z0 and the four largest Harmonic Constants (Harmonic Constituents,
M2 S2 O1 & K1). To produce a full accurate tidal prediction it is often necessary to use more than 100 of these harmonic terms. These results were generated by tidal analysis using tide gauge data spanning the dates listed.
| Port |
Span date |
Days |
Z0 |
01 |
K1 |
M2 |
S2

|
| |
|
|
|
H |
g |
H |
g |
H |
g |
H |
g |
| Aberdeen | 1989 2007 | 6726 | 2.557 | 0.127 | 51.10 | 0.113 | 204.56 | 1.301 | 24.57 | 0.440 | 62.88
|
| Avonmouth | 1987 2007 | 6834 | 6.955 | 0.075 | 3.35 | 0.069 | 144.06 | 4.269 | 200.53 | 1.513 | 259.91
|
| Bangor | 1997 2007 | 3540 | 2.045 | 0.100 | 39.00 | 0.108 | 187.12 | 1.168 | 317.66 | 0.295 | 359.65
|
| Barmouth | 1996 2007 | 3588 | 2.705 | 0.082 | 21.21 | 0.082 | 166.45 | 1.451 | 238.81 | 0.543 | 277.26
|
| Bournemouth | 1998 2007 | 3611 | 1.593 | 0.041 | 348.21 | 0.090 | 112.38 | 0.411 | 273.42 | 0.182 | 292.42
|
| Cromer | 1998 2007 | 3491 | 2.920 | 0.158 | 132.54 | 0.145 | 300.95 | 1.568 | 188.11 | 0.533 | 234.18
|
| Devonport | 1998 2007 | 3389 | 3.395 | 0.056 | 346.40 | 0.076 | 112.11 | 1.684 | 153.26 | 0.607 | 205.93
|
| Dover | 1989 2007 | 6758 | 3.750 | 0.058 | 180.58 | 0.050 | 40.33 | 2.250 | 331.83 | 0.706 | 23.85
|
| Felixstowe | 1988 2007 | 6800 | 2.067 | 0.131 | 174.13 | 0.109 | 349.54 | 1.257 | 321.41 | 0.348 | 13.53
|
| Fishguard | 1988 2007 | 6961 | 2.708 | 0.079 | 10.09 | 0.078 | 152.32 | 1.353 | 207.33 | 0.529 | 248.38
|
| Harwich | 2004 2007 | 1331 | 2.178 | 0.130 | 176.74 | 0.109 | 353.42 | 1.330 | 324.48 | 0.372 | 17.43
|
| Heysham | 1988 2007 | 6838 | 5.176 | 0.114 | 42.42 | 0.123 | 192.45 | 3.166 | 325.68 | 1.027 | 8.72
|
| Hinkley | 1998 2007 | 3480 | 6.235 | 0.073 | 355.95 | 0.069 | 134.72 | 3.915 | 182.40 | 1.402 | 236.50
|
| Holyhead | 1986 2007 | 6623 | 3.261 | 0.101 | 29.01 | 0.106 | 176.80 | 1.805 | 291.88 | 0.592 | 328.69
|
| Ilfracombe | 1986 2007 | 6876 | 4.951 | 0.067 | 349.01 | 0.065 | 125.32 | 3.043 | 162.21 | 1.104 | 209.22
|
| Immingham | 1989 2007 | 6785 | 4.196 | 0.171 | 114.69 | 0.155 | 281.17 | 2.260 | 161.85 | 0.741 | 212.42
|
| Islay | 1998 2007 | 3611 | 0.469 | 0.084 | 40.13 | 0.093 | 187.84 | 0.160 | 88.64 | 0.141 | 153.68
|
| Kinlochbervie | 1997 2007 | 3403 | 2.883 | 0.081 | 340.69 | 0.119 | 125.97 | 1.434 | 207.93 | 0.548 | 241.83
|
| Leith | 1996 2007 | 3643 | 3.187 | 0.142 | 65.12 | 0.121 | 220.89 | 1.795 | 55.34 | 0.614 | 95.66
|
| Lerwick | 1987 2007 | 6910 | 1.296 | 0.079 | 31.85 | 0.075 | 164.76 | 0.581 | 311.84 | 0.210 | 346.95
|
| Liverpool | 1998 2007 | 3423 | 5.263 | 0.115 | 40.74 | 0.123 | 191.03 | 3.041 | 320.62 | 0.981 | 4.55
|
| Llandudno | 1997 2007 | 3505 | 4.061 | 0.111 | 34.60 | 0.119 | 184.67 | 2.690 | 309.87 | 0.868 | 351.05
|
| Lowestoft | 1989 2007 | 6808 | 1.637 | 0.137 | 160.78 | 0.119 | 330.84 | 0.688 | 259.63 | 0.207 | 298.73
|
| Milford_Haven | 1988 2007 | 6969 | 3.837 | 0.066 | 355.02 | 0.065 | 131.70 | 2.217 | 172.67 | 0.805 | 217.30
|
| Millport | 1987 2007 | 6909 | 1.996 | 0.098 | 43.89 | 0.109 | 192.72 | 1.119 | 342.67 | 0.296 | 35.17
|
| Mumbles | 1998 2007 | 3385 | 5.222 | 0.069 | 352.99 | 0.066 | 130.62 | 3.120 | 172.07 | 1.120 | 219.70
|
| Moray_Firth | 1994 2004 | 3034 | 2.552 | 0.122 | 34.43 | 0.115 | 181.72 | 1.298 | 336.94 | 0.454 | 15.05
|
| Newhaven | 1985 2007 | 6648 | 3.629 | 0.010 | 332.40 | 0.075 | 103.68 | 2.249 | 321.12 | 0.729 | 10.79
|
| Newlyn | 1989 2007 | 6805 | 3.195 | 0.054 | 341.80 | 0.064 | 109.43 | 1.716 | 133.37 | 0.573 | 177.75
|
| Newport | 1998 2007 | 3422 | 6.099 | 0.073 | 1.26 | 0.069 | 141.25 | 4.139 | 194.71 | 1.474 | 252.34
|
| North_Shields | 1989 2007 | 6706 | 2.954 | 0.140 | 81.75 | 0.120 | 242.37 | 1.603 | 89.03 | 0.537 | 131.09
|
| Portpatrick | 1987 2007 | 7005 | 2.161 | 0.100 | 42.20 | 0.108 | 190.94 | 1.339 | 332.14 | 0.375 | 16.63
|
| Portrush | 1998 2007 | 3547 | 1.285 | 0.086 | 27.25 | 0.093 | 174.63 | 0.536 | 197.61 | 0.233 | 211.42
|
| Portsmouth | 1997 2007 | 3541 | 2.879 | 0.027 | 345.21 | 0.087 | 113.01 | 1.409 | 326.66 | 0.437 | 13.19
|
| Port_Erin | 1998 2007 | 3505 | 2.873 | 0.102 | 40.99 | 0.110 | 188.91 | 1.833 | 321.72 | 0.559 | 1.16
|
| Sheerness | 1989 2007 | 6683 | 3.028 | 0.133 | 190.54 | 0.113 | 10.88 | 2.015 | 353.78 | 0.576 | 50.92
|
| Stornoway | 1988 2007 | 6787 | 2.893 | 0.092 | 350.12 | 0.131 | 135.34 | 1.390 | 197.54 | 0.545 | 231.25
|
| St_Helier | 1998 2007 | 3639 | 6.025 | 0.081 | 346.46 | 0.093 | 97.67 | 3.336 | 181.88 | 1.303 | 231.28
|
| St_Mary's | 1998 2007 | 3581 | 3.180 | 0.055 | 340.39 | 0.058 | 101.27 | 1.758 | 130.93 | 0.605 | 172.53
|
| Tobermory | 1987 2007 | 6561 | 2.725 | 0.062 | 23.41 | 0.063 | 168.81 | 1.300 | 168.53 | 0.529 | 204.93
|
| Ullapool | 1987 2007 | 6937 | 3.093 | 0.077 | 345.81 | 0.108 | 128.78 | 1.503 | 200.75 | 0.584 | 234.99
|
| Weymouth | 1998 2007 | 3592 | 1.169 | 0.049 | 348.70 | 0.089 | 111.85 | 0.595 | 190.69 | 0.309 | 242.06
|
| Whitby | 1988 2007 | 6777 | 3.351 | 0.146 | 88.28 | 0.129 | 250.79 | 1.659 | 104.15 | 0.558 | 147.00
|
| Wick | 1989 2007 | 6778 | 2.057 | 0.114 | 27.89 | 0.109 | 175.85 | 1.016 | 322.30 | 0.348 | 0.28
|
| Workington | 1998 2007 | 3530 | 4.520 | 0.111 | 44.82 | 0.122 | 194.64 | 2.737 | 331.94 | 0.876 | 15.36
|